Cooperative Learning as A Pedagogical Strategy for Strengthening Islamic Religious Education in Madrasah

Abstract

This research aims at knowing the principal models of cooperative learning be contextually adapted for PAI instruction and structural mechanisms of cooperative learning align with Islamic educational ethics. Drawing on a systematic literature review (SLR) guided by the PRISMA 2020 protocol, this study synthesises evidence from 32 peer-reviewed articles sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, and SINTA (2015–2025), examining how six principal cooperative learning model can strengthen the quality of PAI instruction. Synthesis findings consistently indicate that these models improve academic attainment, learner motivation, and interpersonal skills. A key contribution of this study is identifying how the structural logic of cooperative learning, specifically its features of positive interdependence, individual accountability, and promotive interaction, converges with three foundational Islamic values: al-ta'awun (mutual cooperation), ukhuwah Islamiyah (fraternal solidarity), and the collective dimension of fardhu kifayah.